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TZID:Europe/Paris
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UID:1-297@lptms.universite-paris-saclay.fr
DTSTART:20150601T110000Z
DTEND:20150601T120000Z
DTSTAMP:20150224T065131Z
URL:http://www.lptms.universite-paris-saclay.fr/seminars/physics-biology-i
 nterface-seminar-ulrich-schwarz/
SUMMARY:Physics-Biology interface seminar: Ulrich Schwarz - Moyen Amphi\, B
 uilding 510\, Université Paris-Saclay Orsay - 1 Juin 15 11:00
DESCRIPTION:Physics of active contractile matter\nUlrich S. Schwarz (Heidel
 berg University)\nBiological systems such as cells and tissue use non-equi
 librium processes to actively generate mechanical stress\, movement and gr
 owth. Some of these processes can actually be reconstituted in biomimetic 
 experiments with active soft matter. In this talk\, we will first discuss 
 why and how contractile forces are generated by biological systems and how
  they can be measured with soft elastic substrates ("traction force micros
 copy"). Because kilo-Pascal stresses are typically transmitted through mic
 rometer-sized contacts\, the relevant force scale is nano-Newton. We then 
 introduce different theoretical approaches to understand and model the con
 tractility of biological matter. Because closed systems have to conserve m
 omentum\, the most central concept here is the one of a "force dipole"\, s
 imilarly as for the theoretical description of microswimmers\, but now cou
 pled to a mechanical rather than to a hydrodynamic environment. We present
  a stochastic theory for the biologically most relevant example of a contr
 actile force dipole\, namely the "myosin II minifilament". We then explain
  why on the large length scale of cells and tissue\, the mechanical proper
 ties of these systems are dominated by tensions rather than by their elast
 ic modulus\, with dramatic consequences for their shape and force transmis
 sion to the environment.
LOCATION:Moyen Amphi\, Building 510\, Université Paris-Saclay Orsay\, 15 R
 ue Georges Clemenceau\, orsay\, France
GEO:48.698187;2.181768
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  orsay\, France;X-APPLE-RADIUS=100;X-TITLE=Moyen Amphi\, Building 510\, Un
 iversité Paris-Saclay Orsay:geo:48.698187,2.181768
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