ESPCI Wiki - User contributions [en]

Complements

2011-09-26T12:48:11Z

Lptmswiki:

{{Infobox file format
|title = Inviscid Burgers equation
|image = [[Image:multi.gif|200px]]
|caption = The solution of the tutorial in the frame of the bottom of the wave. At time 0.5 the solution develop a shock.
}}

Template:Purge

2011-09-26T12:45:37Z

Lptmswiki: Created page with "<span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink">[{{fullurl:{{{page|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}|action=purge}} <span title="Purge this page">{{{1|Purge}}}</span>]</span><noinclude> {{documenta..."

<span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink">[{{fullurl:{{{page|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}|action=purge}} <span title="Purge this page">{{{1|Purge}}}</span>]</span><noinclude>
{{documentation}}
</noinclude>

Template:Pp-template

2011-09-26T12:45:19Z

Lptmswiki: Created page with "<includeonly>{{pp-meta |type={{#switch:{{{demolevel|{{#ifeq:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}-{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:move}}|-sysop|move|{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}}}}}} |semi |autoconfirmed..."

<includeonly>{{pp-meta
|type={{#switch:{{{demolevel|{{#ifeq:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}-{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:move}}|-sysop|move|{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}}}}}}
|semi
|autoconfirmed=semi
|administrator
|full
|sysop=indef
|move=move
|#default=indef}}
|small={{{small|yes}}}
|demospace={{{demospace|}}}
|demolevel={{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}/{{NAMESPACE}}|{{SUBPAGENAME}}/{{ns:Template}}|{{{demolevel|undefined}}}|{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{SUBPAGENAME}}}}|sandbox|sysop|{{{demolevel|undefined}}}}}}}
|expiry=
|dispute=no
|icon-text=This {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:6}}|image, included in a high-risk template or message,|high-risk template}} is indefinitely {{#switch:{{{demolevel|{{#ifeq:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}-{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:move}}|-sysop|move|{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}}}}}}
|semi
|autoconfirmed=semi-protected from editing
|move=move-protected
|administrator
|full
|sysop
|#default=protected from editing}} to prevent vandalism.
|reason-text=This {{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}
|{{ns:image}}=image, used in one or more [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|high-risk templates]]{{#switch:{{{demolevel|{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}}}}
|semi
|autoconfirmed=
|administrator
|full
|sysop=<nowiki> </nowiki>and/or [[Special:Allmessages|system messages]],
|#default=}}
|#default=[[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|high-risk template]]
}} has been [[Wikipedia:This page is protected|{{#switch:{{{demolevel|{{#ifeq:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}-{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:move}}|-sysop|move|{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}}}}}}
|semi
|autoconfirmed=semi-
|move=move-
|administrator
|full
|sysop
|#default=}}protected]]{{#ifeq:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}-{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:move}}|-sysop||<nowiki> </nowiki>from editing}} to prevent [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]]. {{#switch:{{{demolevel|{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}}}}
|semi
|autoconfirmed=
|administrator
|full
|sysop
|#default={{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:image}}=<br /><small>'''Do not move this image''' to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]].</small>}}}}
|categories={{{categories|{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:10}}|{{#switch:{{{demolevel|{{#ifeq:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}-{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:move}}|-sysop|move|{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}}}}}}
|semi
|autoconfirmed=[[Category:Wikipedia semi-protected templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]{{#ifeq:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:move}}|sysop|[[Category:Wikipedia move-protected templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}
|move=[[Category:Wikipedia move-protected templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
|administrator
|full
|sysop
|#default=[[Category:Wikipedia protected templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}}}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:6}}|[[Category:{{#switch:{{{demolevel|{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}}}}
|semi
|autoconfirmed=Semi-protected
|administrator
|full
|sysop
|#default=Protected}} images|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude>
{{pp-template|categories=no}} 
{{pp-template|small=no}} 
{{Documentation}}

</noinclude>

Template:Pp-meta

2011-09-26T12:45:03Z

Lptmswiki: Created page with "{{#ifeq:{{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}} |move={{#ifeq: {{#switch:{{lc:{{{demolevel|undefined}}}}} |semi |autoconfirmed=autoconfirmed |adminis..."

{{#ifeq:{{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}}
|move={{#ifeq:
{{#switch:{{lc:{{{demolevel|undefined}}}}}
|semi
|autoconfirmed=autoconfirmed
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|sysop=sysop
|undefined={{PROTECTIONLEVEL:move}}
|#default=}}
|sysop|yes|no
}}
|create={{#if:
{{#switch:{{lc:{{{demolevel|undefined}}}}}
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}}
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|#default=}}
|{{#ifeq:{{#switch:{{lc:{{{disallowlevel|}}}}}
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|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{demolevel|undefined}}}}}
|semi
|autoconfirmed=autoconfirmed
|administrator
|full
|sysop=sysop
|undefined={{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}
|#default=}}
|no|yes
}}
|no}}
}}|yes|{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{small|}}}}}|yes|
<div class="metadata topicon" id="protected-icon" style="display:none; right:55px;">[[Image:{{{image|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}}
|full=Padlock.svg
|semi=Padlock-silver.svg
|move=Padlock-olive.svg
|indef=Padlock-red.svg
|office=Padlock-black.svg
|create=Padlock-skyblue.svg
|#default=Transparent.gif
}}}}}|20px|link={{{icon-link|Wikipedia:Protection policy#{{lc:{{{type}}}}}}}}|{{{icon-text|This {{pp-meta/pagetype}} is {{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}}
|semi=semi-
|move=move-
|indef=permanently<nowiki> </nowiki>
|create=creation-
|office=
|full
|#default=
}}protected{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type}}}}}|indef||{{#if:{{{expiry|}}}|<nowiki> </nowiki>until {{#time:F j, Y|{{{expiry}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{icon-reason|}}}|<nowiki> </nowiki>{{{icon-reason}}}}}.}}}|alt=Page {{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}}
|semi=semi-
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|#default=
}}protected]]</div>
|
{{mbox
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| type = protection
| image = [[Image:{{{image|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}}
|full=Padlock.svg
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|move=Padlock-olive.svg
|indef=Padlock-red.svg
|office=Padlock-black.svg
|create=Padlock-skyblue.svg
|#default=Transparent.gif
}}}}}|40px|{{{icon-text|This page is {{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}}
|semi=semi-
|move=move-
|indef=permanently<nowiki> </nowiki>
|create=creation-
|office=
|full
|#default=
}}protected.}}}]]
| text = '''{{{reason-text|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}}
|full=This page is currently [[Wikipedia:This page is protected|protected]] from editing
|semi=Editing of this {{pp-meta/pagetype}} by [[Wikipedia:User access levels#Autoconfirmed_users|new]] or [[Wikipedia:User access levels#Anonymous_users|unregistered]] users is currently [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|disabled]]
|move=This {{pp-meta/pagetype}} is currently [[Wikipedia:This page is protected|protected]] from [[Help:Moving a page|page moves]]
|indef=This page is [[Wikipedia:This page is protected|protected]] from editing ''indefinitely''
|office=This {{pp-meta/pagetype}} is currently [[Wikipedia:This page is protected|protected]] from editing
|create=[[Help:Starting a new page|Recreation]] of this {{pp-meta/pagetype}} [[Wikipedia:This page is protected|has been disabled]]
}}{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type}}}}}|indef||{{#if:{{{expiry|}}}| until {{#time:F j, Y|{{{expiry}}}}}}}}}{{{reason<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}.}}}'''<br /> {{{explanation-text|{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{dispute}}}}}|yes|This protection is '''not''' an endorsement of the {{#ifeq:{{{type}}}|move|[{{fullurl:Special:Log|type=move&page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} current title]|[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|action=history}} current version]}}.}} See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|protection policy]] and [{{fullurl:Special:Log|type=protect&page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} protection log] for more details. {{#switch:{{lc:{{{type}}}}}
|full|indef=Please discuss any changes on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}#{{#if:{{{section|}}}|{{{section}}}|top}}|talk page]]; you may use the {{tlx|editprotected}} template to ask an [[Wikipedia:Administrator|administrator]] to make the edit if it is supported by [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]]. {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:8}}||You may also [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] that this page be unprotected.}}
|semi=If you cannot edit this {{pp-meta/pagetype}} and you wish to make a change, you can {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{TALKSPACE}}||[[Template:Editsemiprotected|request an edit]], [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discuss changes on the talk page]],}} [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection#Current requests for unprotection|request unprotection]], [[Special:Userlogin|log in]], or <span class="plainlinks">[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin&type=signup <span style="color:#002bb8;" title="Sign in / create account">create an account</span>].
|move=The page may still be edited but cannot be moved until unprotected. Please discuss any suggested moves on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|talk page]] or at [[Wikipedia:Requested moves]]. You can also [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] that the page be unprotected.
|office=If you are able to edit this page, please discuss all changes and additions on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|talk page]] first. '''Do not remove protection from this page unless you are authorized by the Wikimedia Foundation to do so.'''
|create=Please see the {{#if:{{{xfd|}}}|'''[[{{{xfd}}}|deletion discussion]]''' or the}} [{{fullurl:Special:Log|type=delete&page={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}}} deletion log] for details of why this page was deleted. If you would like to create a page at this title, you must first [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] for it to be unprotected, or contact the administrator who deleted the page for the deleted material to be restored. If unsuccessful, you can use [[Wikipedia:Deletion review|deletion review]].
}}}}}
}}
}}|[[Category:Wikipedia pages with incorrect protection templates]]}}<includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{categories|no}}}}}|no||{{{categories|}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude>

{{documentation}}

</noinclude>

Template:Ombox/core

2011-09-26T12:44:26Z

Lptmswiki: Created page with "<table class="plainlinks ombox {{#ifeq:{{{small}}}|yes|mbox-small}} {{#switch:{{{type|}}} | speedy = ombox-speedy | delete = ombox-delete | content = ombox-content | ..."

<table class="plainlinks ombox {{#ifeq:{{{small}}}|yes|mbox-small}}
{{#switch:{{{type|}}}
| speedy = ombox-speedy
| delete = ombox-delete
| content = ombox-content
| style = ombox-style
| move = ombox-move
| protection = ombox-protection
| notice 
| #default = ombox-notice
}}" style="{{{style|}}}">
<tr>
{{#ifeq:{{{image|}}}|none
| <td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td>
| <td class="mbox-image">
{{#if:{{{image|}}}
| {{{image}}}
| [[Image:{{#switch:{{{type|}}}
| speedy = Imbox speedy deletion.png
| delete = Imbox deletion.png
| content = Imbox content.png
| style = Edit-clear.svg
| move = Imbox move.png
| protection = Imbox protection.png
| notice 
| #default = Imbox notice.png
}} | {{#ifeq:{{{small|}}}|yes
| 30x30px
| 40x40px
}}|link=|alt=]]
}}</td>
}}
<td class="mbox-text" style="{{{textstyle|}}}"> {{{text}}} </td>
{{#if:{{{imageright|}}}
| {{#ifeq:{{{imageright|}}}|none
| 
| <td class="mbox-imageright"> {{{imageright}}} </td>
}}
}}
</tr>
</table>{{#switch:{{{type|}}}
| 
| speedy
| delete
| content
| style
| move
| protection
| notice = 
| #default = <div style="text-align: center;">This message box is using an invalid "type={{{type|}}}" parameter and needs fixing.</div>[[Category:Wikipedia message box parameter needs fixing|{{main other|Main:}}{{FULLPAGENAME}}]]
}}<noinclude>

{{documentation}}

</noinclude>

Template:Ombox

2011-09-26T12:44:07Z

Lptmswiki: Created page with "{{#ifeq:{{{small|}}}|yes | {{ombox/core | small = yes | type = {{{type|}}} | image = {{#if:{{{smallimage|}}}| {{{smallimage}}} | {{{image|}}} }} | imageright = {{#if:{{{..."

{{#ifeq:{{{small|}}}|yes
| {{ombox/core
| small = yes
| type = {{{type|}}}
| image = {{#if:{{{smallimage|}}}| {{{smallimage}}} | {{{image|}}} }}
| imageright = {{#if:{{{smallimageright|}}} | {{{smallimageright}}} | {{{imageright|}}} }}
| style = {{{style|}}}
| textstyle = {{{textstyle|}}}
| text = {{#if:{{{smalltext|}}}| {{{smalltext}}} | {{{text}}} }}
}}
| {{ombox/core
| type = {{{type|}}}
| image = {{{image|}}}
| imageright = {{{imageright|}}}
| style = {{{style|}}}
| textstyle = {{{textstyle|}}}
| text = {{{text}}}
}}
}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>

Template:Nowrap

2011-09-26T12:43:50Z

Lptmswiki: Created page with "<span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{{1}}}</span><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>"

<span style="white-space:nowrap;">{{{1}}}</span><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>

Template:Intricate template

2011-09-26T12:43:10Z

Lptmswiki: Created page with "{{ombox | type = style | image = link= | text = '''This template employs intricate features of template syntax.''' {{nowrap|{{{1|}..."

{{ombox
| type = style
| image = [[Image:Ambox warning yellow.svg|40x40px|alt=|link=]]
| text =
'''This template employs intricate features of template syntax.''' {{nowrap|{{{1|}}}}}<div style="font-size:95%; padding-bottom:2px;">You are encouraged to familiarise yourself with its setup and [[m:Help:Parser function|parser functions]] before editing the template. If your edit causes unexpected problems, please [[Help:Reverting#Undo|undo]] it quickly, as this template may appear on a large number of pages.<br/>
Remember that you can conduct experiments, and should test all improvements, in either the {{nowrap|{{#switch:
{{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/sandbox |sandbox |
{{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Sandbox |Sandbox |
{{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/test sandbox|test sandbox|
{{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Test sandbox|Test sandbox|
{{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/test |test |
{{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Test |Test |
}} }} }} }} }} }}
| sandbox = [[Template:{{PAGENAME}}/sandbox |local /sandbox ]]
| Sandbox = [[Template:{{PAGENAME}}/Sandbox |local /Sandbox ]]
| test sandbox = [[Template:{{PAGENAME}}/test sandbox|local /test sandbox ]]
| Test sandbox = [[Template:{{PAGENAME}}/Test sandbox|local /Test sandbox ]]
| test = [[Template:{{PAGENAME}}/test |local /test ]]
| Test = [[Template:{{PAGENAME}}/Test |local /Test ]]
| #default = [[Template:Template sandbox |general Template sandbox]]
}}}} or your user space before changing anything here.</div>
}}<includeonly>{{#ifeq: {{PAGENAME}} | {{BASEPAGENAME}} | [[Category:Intricate templates]] }}</includeonly><noinclude>
{{Documentation}}

</noinclude>

Template:Documentation subpage

2011-09-26T12:42:00Z

Lptmswiki: Created page with "<includeonly>{{#ifeq: {{lc:{{SUBPAGENAME}}}} | {{{override|doc}}} |  </includeonly>{{ #ifeq: {{{doc-notice|show}}} | show | {{mbox | type = notic..."

<includeonly>{{#ifeq: {{lc:{{SUBPAGENAME}}}} | {{{override|doc}}}
| 
</includeonly>{{
#ifeq: {{{doc-notice|show}}} | show
| {{mbox
| type = notice
| image = [[File:Edit-copy green.svg|40px]]
| text =
'''This is a [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation]] [[Wikipedia:Subpages|subpage]] for {{{1|[[:{{SUBJECTSPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}]]}}}'''.<br />It contains usage information, [[Wikipedia:Categorization|categories]], [[Help:Interlanguage links|interlanguage links]] and other content that is not part of the original {{ #if: {{{text2|}}} | {{{text2}}} | {{ #if: {{{text1|}}} | {{{text1}}} | {{ #ifeq: {{SUBJECTSPACE}} | {{ns:User}} | {{lc:{{SUBJECTSPACE}}}} template page | {{ #if: {{SUBJECTSPACE}} |{{lc:{{SUBJECTSPACE}}}} page|article}}}}}}}}.
}}
}}{{DEFAULTSORT:{{{defaultsort|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}{{
#if: {{{inhibit|}}}
| 
| <includeonly>[[Category:{{
#if: {{SUBJECTSPACE}}
| {{SUBJECTSPACE}}
| Article
}} documentation {{#ifeq:{{SUBJECTSPACE}}|Template|pages}}]]</includeonly>
}}<includeonly>
| 
}}</includeonly><noinclude>
{{documentation}}

</noinclude>

Template:!/doc

2011-09-26T12:41:12Z

Lptmswiki: Created page with "{{Documentation subpage}} <!-- DO NOT move the "pp-template" to the template page since the ! template should be as short as possible to save server load (to not break template i..."

{{Documentation subpage}}

<includeonly>{{high-risk|5,700,000+}}</includeonly>
__NOTOC__
=== Usage ===

This is the {{t<noinclude>n</noinclude><includeonly>l</includeonly>|!}} meta-template. Its use is analogous to an [[escape character]].

This is an auxiliary template allowing the encoding of "<code>|</code>" within template parameters, because the pipe character is normally interpreted as a separator. This template is necessary if the character is used in wiki table syntax, or if the parameter is automatically wikilinked and you wish to use a pipe to specify different link text from the target page name. In other cases it is better to use "<code>&#124;</code>".

This template cannot be used for putting the character as text in a wiki table; in that case, again, "<code>&#124;</code>" can be used.

Note that no special template is needed for "<code>!</code>" (exclamation mark).

This is a [[WP:high-risk template|high-risk template]], and it usually cannot be [[Wikipedia:Substitution|substituted]] (see conditions for substing on [[#Substitution|the section below]]).

=== Substitution ===
It is possible to [[Wikipedia:Substitution|substitute]] <nowiki>{{!}}</nowiki> only if an unescaped "'''<code>|</code>'''" works as expected, i.e. after substituting the template containing <nowiki>{{!}}</nowiki>, or after eliminating an
[[mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions#.23if|#if]] containing <nowiki>{{!}}</nowiki>.

=== A simple example ===

The following template code for {{tl|Quotation}} using an ordinary pipe character,
* <code><nowiki>{{Quotation|It is not possible to use an ordinary pipe character | in template parameters, as it will be interpreted as a separator.|[[Help:Template#Usage hints and workarounds]]}}</nowiki></code>

produces:
{{Quotation|It is not possible to use an ordinary pipe character | in template parameters, as it will be interpreted as a separator.|[[Help:Template#Usage hints and workarounds]]}}

whereas this code using the <nowiki>{{!}}</nowiki> meta-template,
* <code><nowiki>{{Quotation|It is not possible to use an ordinary pipe character {{!}} in template parameters, as it will be interpreted as a separator.|[[Help:Template#Usage hints and workarounds]]}}</nowiki></code>

produces:
{{Quotation|It is not possible to use an ordinary pipe character {{!}} in template parameters, as it will be interpreted as a separator.|[[Help:Template#Usage hints and workarounds]]}}

=== See also ===
* {{tl|!!}}
* {{tl|!-}} creates |-
* {{tl|-!}}
* {{tl|broken bar}}
* {{tn|'}} and related
* [[Wikipedia:Conditional tables]]
* {{tl|pipe}} - Note that this one looks like {{tlf|!}} but has a very different meaning for the MediaWiki parser and thus has different functionality.
* {{tn|(}} creates {
* {{tn|((}} creates {{
* {{tl|!(}}
* {{[[template:=|=]]}}

<includeonly>
[[Category:Template namespace templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Wikipedia formatting and function templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]

[[ar:قالب:!]]
[[as:Template:!]]
[[be-x-old:Шаблён:!]]
[[bg:Шаблон:!]]
[[bn:Template:!]]
[[cs:Šablona:!]]
[[da:Skabelon:!]]
[[de:Vorlage:!]]
[[dsb:Pśedłoga:!]]
[[et:Mall:!]]
[[es:Plantilla:!]]
[[fa:الگو:!]]
[[fr:Modèle:!]]
[[hsb:Předłoha:!]]
[[it:Template:!]]
[[ja:Template:!]]
[[ka:თარგი:!]]
[[ko:틀:!]]
[[ku:Şablon:!]]
[[la:Formula:!]]
[[myv:ЛопаПарцун:!]]
[[nl:Sjabloon:!]]
[[no:Mal:!]]
[[pap:Template:!]]
[[pl:Szablon:!]]
[[pt:Template:!]]
[[ru:Шаблон:!]]
[[sk:Šablóna:!]]
[[sl:Template:!]]
[[sr:Шаблон:!]]
[[vi:Tiêu bản:!]]
[[zh:Template:!]]
[[zh-yue:Template:!]]
[[he:תבנית:!]]
[[uk:Шаблон:!]]
[[fi:Malline:!]]
[[sv:Mall:!]]
[[simple:Template:!]]
</includeonly>

Template:!

2011-09-26T12:40:41Z

Lptmswiki: Created page with "|<noinclude>{{template doc}}</noinclude>"

|<noinclude>{{template doc}}</noinclude>

Template:Documentation

2011-09-26T12:40:09Z

Lptmswiki: Created page with "{{#ifeq: {{SUBPAGENAME}} | sandbox | <div style="clear: both;"></div>{{template sandbox notice}} ..."

{{#ifeq: {{SUBPAGENAME}} | sandbox
| <div style="clear: both;"></div>{{template sandbox notice}}
}}{{template other
| {{#ifeq: {{PROTECTIONLEVEL:move}} | sysop
| {{pp-template|docusage=yes}}
| {{#if: {{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}
| {{pp-template|docusage=yes}}
| 
}}
}}
}}{{documentation/start box2
| preload = {{{preload|}}} 
| heading = {{{heading|¬}}} 
| heading-style = {{{heading-style|}}}
| content = {{{content|}}}


| docspace = {{documentation/docspace}}

| 1 = {{{1|}}} 


| template page = {{documentation/template page}}

}}
{{#switch: {{#if:{{{content|}}}|1|0}}{{#if:{{{1|}}}|1|0}}{{#ifexist:{{{1|}}}|1|0}}{{#ifexist:{{documentation/docspace}}:{{documentation/template page}}/doc|1|0}}
| 1000 | 1001 | 1010 | 1011 | 1100 | 1101 | 1110
| 1111 = {{{content|}}}
| 0110 | 0111 = {{ {{{1}}} }}
| 0001 | 0011 = {{ {{documentation/docspace}}:{{documentation/template page}}/doc }}
| 0000 | 0100 | 0010 | 0101 =
}}
{{documentation/end box2
| preload = {{{preload|}}} 
| content = {{{content|}}}
| link box = {{{link box|}}} 


| docspace = {{documentation/docspace}}

| 1 = {{{1|}}} 


| template page = {{documentation/template page}}

}}<noinclude>


</noinclude>

Template:Clear

2011-09-26T12:39:29Z

Lptmswiki: Created page with "<div style="clear:both;"></div><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude>"

<div style="clear:both;"></div><noinclude>
{{documentation}}
</noinclude>

MediaWiki:Common.css

2011-09-26T12:38:36Z

Lptmswiki: Created page with "/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */ /* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */ /* <source lang="css"> */ /* Main page fixes */ #interwiki-completelist {..."

/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */

/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */
/* <source lang="css"> */

/* Main page fixes */
#interwiki-completelist {
font-weight: bold;
}
body.page-Main_Page #ca-delete {
display: none !important;
}

body.page-Main_Page #mp-topbanner {
clear: both;
}

/* Edit window toolbar */
#toolbar {
height: 22px;
margin-bottom: 6px;
}

/* Margins for <ol> and <ul> */
#content ol, #content ul,
#mw_content ol, #mw_content ul {
margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}

/* Make the list of references smaller */
ol.references {
font-size: 100%;
}
.references-small {
font-size: 90%;
}

/* VALIDATOR NOTICE: the following is correct, but the W3C validator doesn't accept it */
/* -moz-* is a vendor-specific extension (CSS 2.1 4.1.2.1) */
/* column-count is from the CSS3 module "CSS Multi-column Layout" */
/* Please ignore any validator errors caused by these two lines */
.references-2column {
font-size: 90%;
-moz-column-count: 2;
-webkit-column-count: 2;
column-count: 2;
}

/* Highlight clicked reference in blue to help navigation */
ol.references > li:target,
sup.reference:target,
cite:target {
background-color: #DEF;
}

/* Ensure refs in table headers and the like aren't bold or italic */
sup.reference {
font-weight: normal;
font-style: normal;
}

/* Styling for citations */
cite {
font-style: normal;
word-wrap: break-word;
}

/* For linked citation numbers and document IDs, where
the number need not be shown on a screen or a handheld,
but should be included in the printed version
*/
@media screen, handheld, projection {
cite *.printonly {
display: none;
}
}

/* wikitable/prettytable class for skinning normal tables */
table.wikitable,
table.prettytable {
margin: 1em 1em 1em 0;
background: #f9f9f9;
border: 1px #aaa solid;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
.wikitable th, .wikitable td,
.prettytable th, .prettytable td {
border: 1px #aaa solid;
padding: 0.2em;
}
.wikitable th,
.prettytable th {
background: #f2f2f2;
text-align: center;
}
.wikitable caption,
.prettytable caption {
font-weight: bold;
}

/* Default skin for navigation boxes */
table.navbox { /* Navbox container style */
border: 1px solid #aaa;
width: 100%;
margin: auto;
clear: both;
font-size: 88%;
text-align: center;
padding: 1px;
}
table.navbox + table.navbox { /* Single pixel border between adjacent navboxes */
margin-top: -1px; /* (doesn't work for IE6, but that's okay) */
}
.navbox-title,
.navbox-abovebelow,
table.navbox th {
text-align: center; /* Title and above/below styles */
padding-left: 1em;
padding-right: 1em;
}
.navbox-group { /* Group style */
white-space: nowrap;
text-align: right;
font-weight: bold;
padding-left: 1em;
padding-right: 1em;
}
.navbox, .navbox-subgroup {
background: #fdfdfd; /* Background color */
}
.navbox-list {
border-color: #fdfdfd; /* Must match background color */
}
.navbox-title,
table.navbox th {
background: #ccccff; /* Level 1 color */
}
.navbox-abovebelow,
.navbox-group,
.navbox-subgroup .navbox-title {
background: #ddddff; /* Level 2 color */
}
.navbox-subgroup .navbox-group, .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow {
background: #e6e6ff; /* Level 3 color */
}
.navbox-even {
background: #f7f7f7; /* Even row striping */
}
.navbox-odd {
background: transparent; /* Odd row striping */
}

.collapseButton { /* 'show'/'hide' buttons created dynamically */
float: right; /* by the CollapsibleTables javascript in */
font-weight: normal; /* [[MediaWiki:Common.js]]are styled here */
text-align: right; /* so they can be customised. */
width: auto;
}
.navbox .collapseButton { /* In navboxes, the show/hide button balances */
width: 6em; /* the vde links from [[Template:Tnavbar]], */
} /* so they need to be the same width. */

/* Infobox template style */
.infobox {
border: 1px solid #aaa;
background-color: #f9f9f9;
color: black;
margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;
padding: 0.2em;
float: right;
clear: right;
}
.infobox td,
.infobox th {
vertical-align: top;
}
.infobox caption {
font-size: larger;
}
.infobox.bordered {
border-collapse: collapse;
}
.infobox.bordered td,
.infobox.bordered th {
border: 1px solid #aaa;
}
.infobox.bordered .borderless td,
.infobox.bordered .borderless th {
border: 0;
}

.infobox.sisterproject {
width: 20em;
font-size: 90%;
}

.infobox.standard-talk {
border: 1px solid #c0c090;
background-color: #f8eaba;
}
.infobox.standard-talk.bordered td,
.infobox.standard-talk.bordered th {
border: 1px solid #c0c090;
}

/* styles for bordered infobox with merged rows */
.infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,
.infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th {
border: 0;
border-top: 1px solid #aaa;
border-right: 1px solid #aaa;
}

.infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,
.infobox.bordered .mergedrow th {
border: 0;
border-right: 1px solid #aaa;
}

/* Styles for geography infoboxes, eg countries,
country subdivisions, cities, etc. */
.infobox.geography {
text-align: left;
border-collapse: collapse;
line-height: 1.2em;
font-size: 90%;
}

.infobox.geography td,
.infobox.geography th {
border-top: solid 1px #aaa;
padding: 0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em;
}
.infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,
.infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th {
border-top: solid 1px #aaa;
padding: 0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;
}

.infobox.geography .mergedrow td,
.infobox.geography .mergedrow th {
border: 0;
padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;
}

.infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,
.infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th {
border-top: 0;
border-bottom: solid 1px #aaa;
padding: 0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em;
}

.infobox.geography .maptable td,
.infobox.geography .maptable th {
border: 0;
padding: 0;
}

/* Makes redirects appear in italics in categories and on [[Special:Allpages]] */
.redirect-in-category, .allpagesredirect {
font-style: italic;
}

/* Icons for medialist templates [[Template:Listen]],
[[Template:Multi-listen_start]], [[Template:Video]],
[[Template:Multi-video_start]]
*/
div.listenlist {
background:
url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Gnome-speakernotes.png/30px-Gnome-speakernotes.png");
padding-left: 40px;
}

/* Style rules for media list templates */
div.medialist {
min-height: 50px;
margin: 1em;
background-position: top left;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
div.medialist ul {
list-style-type: none;
list-style-image: none;
margin: 0;
}
div.medialist ul li {
padding-bottom: 0.5em;
}
div.medialist ul li li {
font-size: 91%;
padding-bottom: 0;
}

/* Change the external link icon to an Adobe icon for all PDF files
in browsers that support these CSS selectors, like Mozilla and Opera */
#bodyContent a[href$=".pdf"].external,
#bodyContent a[href*=".pdf?"].external,
#bodyContent a[href*=".pdf#"].external,
#bodyContent a[href$=".PDF"].external,
#bodyContent a[href*=".PDF?"].external,
#bodyContent a[href*=".PDF#"].external,
#mw_content a[href$=".pdf"].external,
#mw_content a[href*=".pdf?"].external,
#mw_content a[href*=".pdf#"].external,
#mw_content a[href$=".PDF"].external,
#mw_content a[href*=".PDF?"].external,
#mw_content a[href*=".PDF#"].external {
background:
url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif/15px-Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif")
center right no-repeat;
padding-right: 16px;
}

/* Change the external link icon to an Adobe icon anywhere the PDFlink class
is used (notably Template:PDFlink). This works in IE, unlike the above. */
#bodyContent span.PDFlink a,
#mw_content span.PDFlink a {
background:
url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif/15px-Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif")
center right no-repeat;
padding-right: 17px;
}

/* Remove link styling. Already defined in monobook
and modern, but not defined in the other skins. Bug 18708 */
#bodyContent .plainlinks a {
background: none !important;
padding: 0 !important;
}

/* Content in columns with CSS instead of tables [[Template:Columns]] */
div.columns-2 div.column {
float: left;
width: 50%;
min-width: 300px;
}
div.columns-3 div.column {
float: left;
width: 33.3%;
min-width: 200px;
}
div.columns-4 div.column {
float: left;
width: 25%;
min-width: 150px;
}
div.columns-5 div.column {
float: left;
width: 20%;
min-width: 120px;
}

/* Make sure that "external references" from templates like [[Template:Ref]]
do not get URL expansion, not even when printed. The anchor itself has
class "external autonumber" and the url expansion is inserted when printing
(see [http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/commonPrint.css]) using the
":after" pseudo-element.
*/
.nourlexpansion a.external.text:after,
.nourlexpansion a.external.autonumber:after {
display: none !important;
}

/* The legacy implementation of this was with "plainlinksneverexpand", which
also simulated "plainlinks". "plainlinksneverexpand" is deprecated and
should be replaced with "plainlinks nourlexpansion". When this has been
done, the rules below can be removed.
*/
.plainlinksneverexpand a {
background: none !important;
padding: 0 !important;
}
.plainlinksneverexpand a.external.text:after,
.plainlinksneverexpand a.external.autonumber:after {
display: none !important;
}

/* Messagebox templates */
.messagebox {
border: 1px solid #aaa;
background-color: #f9f9f9;
width: 80%;
margin: 0 auto 1em auto;
padding: .2em;
}
.messagebox.merge {
border: 1px solid #c0b8cc;
background-color: #f0e5ff;
text-align: center;
}
.messagebox.cleanup {
border: 1px solid #9f9fff;
background-color: #efefff;
text-align: center;
}
.messagebox.standard-talk {
border: 1px solid #c0c090;
background-color: #f8eaba;
margin: 4px auto;
}
/* For old WikiProject banners inside banner shells. */
.mbox-inside .standard-talk,
.messagebox.nested-talk {
border: 1px solid #c0c090;
background-color: #f8eaba;
width: 100%;
margin: 2px 0;
padding: 2px;
}
.messagebox.small {
width: 238px;
font-size: 85%;
float: right;
clear: both;
margin: 0 0 1em 1em;
line-height: 1.25em;
}
.messagebox.small-talk {
width: 238px;
font-size: 85%;
float: right;
clear: both;
margin: 0 0 1em 1em;
line-height: 1.25em;
background: #F8EABA;
}

/* Cell sizes for ambox/tmbox/imbox/cmbox/ombox/fmbox/dmbox message boxes */
th.mbox-text, td.mbox-text { /* The message body cell(s) */
border: none;
padding: 0.25em 0.9em; /* 0.9em left/right */
width: 100%; /* Make all mboxes the same width regardless of text length */
}
td.mbox-image { /* The left image cell */
border: none;
padding: 2px 0 2px 0.9em; /* 0.9em left, 0px right */
text-align: center;
}
td.mbox-imageright { /* The right image cell */
border: none;
padding: 2px 0.9em 2px 0; /* 0px left, 0.9em right */
text-align: center;
}
td.mbox-empty-cell { /* An empty narrow cell */
border: none;
padding: 0px;
width: 1px;
}

/* Article message box styles */
table.ambox {
margin: 0px 10%; /* 10% = Will not overlap with other elements */
border: 1px solid #aaa;
border-left: 10px solid #1e90ff; /* Default "notice" blue */
background: #fbfbfb;
}
table.ambox + table.ambox { /* Single border between stacked boxes. */
margin-top: -1px;
}
.ambox th.mbox-text,
.ambox td.mbox-text { /* The message body cell(s) */
padding: 0.25em 0.5em; /* 0.5em left/right */
}
.ambox td.mbox-image { /* The left image cell */
padding: 2px 0 2px 0.5em; /* 0.5em left, 0px right */
}
.ambox td.mbox-imageright { /* The right image cell */
padding: 2px 0.5em 2px 0; /* 0px left, 0.5em right */
}

table.ambox-notice {
border-left: 10px solid #1e90ff; /* Blue */
}
table.ambox-speedy {
border-left: 10px solid #b22222; /* Red */
background: #fee; /* Pink */
}
table.ambox-delete {
border-left: 10px solid #b22222; /* Red */
}
table.ambox-content {
border-left: 10px solid #f28500; /* Orange */
}
table.ambox-style {
border-left: 10px solid #f4c430; /* Yellow */
}
table.ambox-move {
border-left: 10px solid #9932cc; /* Purple */
}
table.ambox-protection {
border-left: 10px solid #bba; /* Gray-gold */
}

/* Image message box styles */
table.imbox {
margin: 4px 10%;
border-collapse: collapse;
border: 3px solid #1e90ff; /* Default "notice" blue */
background: #fbfbfb;
}
.imbox .mbox-text .imbox { /* For imboxes inside imbox-text cells. */
margin: 0 -0.5em; /* 0.9 - 0.5 = 0.4em left/right. */
}
.mbox-inside .imbox { /* For imboxes inside other templates. */
margin: 4px;
}

table.imbox-notice {
border: 3px solid #1e90ff; /* Blue */
}
table.imbox-speedy {
border: 3px solid #b22222; /* Red */
background: #fee; /* Pink */
}
table.imbox-delete {
border: 3px solid #b22222; /* Red */
}
table.imbox-content {
border: 3px solid #f28500; /* Orange */
}
table.imbox-style {
border: 3px solid #f4c430; /* Yellow */
}
table.imbox-move {
border: 3px solid #9932cc; /* Purple */
}
table.imbox-protection {
border: 3px solid #bba; /* Gray-gold */
}
table.imbox-license {
border: 3px solid #88a; /* Dark gray */
background: #f7f8ff; /* Light gray */
}
table.imbox-featured {
border: 3px solid #cba135; /* Brown-gold */
}

/* Category message box styles */
table.cmbox {
margin: 3px 10%;
border-collapse: collapse;
border: 1px solid #aaa;
background: #DFE8FF; /* Default "notice" blue */
}

table.cmbox-notice {
background: #D8E8FF; /* Blue */
}
table.cmbox-speedy {
margin-top: 4px;
margin-bottom: 4px;
border: 4px solid #b22222; /* Red */
background: #FFDBDB; /* Pink */
}
table.cmbox-delete {
background: #FFDBDB; /* Red */
}
table.cmbox-content {
background: #FFE7CE; /* Orange */
}
table.cmbox-style {
background: #FFF9DB; /* Yellow */
}
table.cmbox-move {
background: #E4D8FF; /* Purple */
}
table.cmbox-protection {
background: #EFEFE1; /* Gray-gold */
}

/* Other pages message box styles */
table.ombox {
margin: 4px 10%;
border-collapse: collapse;
border: 1px solid #aaa; /* Default "notice" gray */
background: #f9f9f9;
}

table.ombox-notice {
border: 1px solid #aaa; /* Gray */
}
table.ombox-speedy {
border: 2px solid #b22222; /* Red */
background: #fee; /* Pink */
}
table.ombox-delete {
border: 2px solid #b22222; /* Red */
}
table.ombox-content {
border: 1px solid #f28500; /* Orange */
}
table.ombox-style {
border: 1px solid #f4c430; /* Yellow */
}
table.ombox-move {
border: 1px solid #9932cc; /* Purple */
}
table.ombox-protection {
border: 2px solid #bba; /* Gray-gold */
}

/* Talk page message box styles */
table.tmbox {
margin: 4px 10%;
border-collapse: collapse;
border: 1px solid #c0c090; /* Default "notice" gray-brown */
background: #f8eaba;
}
.mediawiki .mbox-inside .tmbox { /* For tmboxes inside other templates. The "mediawiki" */
margin: 2px 0; /* class ensures that this declaration overrides other */
width: 100%; /* For Safari and Opera */ /* styles (including mbox-small above) */
}
.mbox-inside .tmbox.mbox-small { /* "small" tmboxes should not be small when */
line-height: 1.5em; /* also "nested", so reset styles that are */
font-size: 100%; /* set in "mbox-small" above. */
}

table.tmbox-speedy {
border: 2px solid #b22222; /* Red */
background: #fee; /* Pink */
}
table.tmbox-delete {
border: 2px solid #b22222; /* Red */
}
table.tmbox-content {
border: 2px solid #f28500; /* Orange */
}
table.tmbox-style {
border: 2px solid #f4c430; /* Yellow */
}
table.tmbox-move {
border: 2px solid #9932cc; /* Purple */
}
table.tmbox-protection,
table.tmbox-notice {
border: 1px solid #c0c090; /* Gray-brown */
}

/* Disambig and set index box styles */
table.dmbox {
clear: both;
margin: 0.9em 1em;
border-top: 1px solid #ccc;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
background: transparent;
}

/* Footer and header message box styles */
table.fmbox {
clear: both;
margin: 0.2em 0;
width: 100%;
border: 1px solid #aaa;
background: #f9f9f9; /* Default "system" gray */
}
table.fmbox-system {
background: #f9f9f9;
}
table.fmbox-warning {
border: 1px solid #bb7070; /* Dark pink */
background: #ffdbdb; /* Pink */
}
table.fmbox-editnotice {
background: transparent;
}
/* Div based "warning" style fmbox messages. */
div.mw-warning-with-logexcerpt,
div.mw-lag-warn-high,
div.mw-cascadeprotectedwarning {
clear: both;
margin: 0.2em 0;
border: 1px solid #bb7070;
background: #ffdbdb;
padding: 0.25em 0.9em;
}
/* Div based "system" style fmbox messages. Used in
[[MediaWiki:Noarticletext]] and [[MediaWiki:Readonly lag]]. */
div.mw-lag-warn-normal,
div.noarticletext,
div.fmbox-system {
clear: both;
margin: 0.2em 0;
border: 1px solid #aaa;
background: #f9f9f9;
padding: 0.25em 0.9em;
}

/* These mbox-small classes must be placed after all other
ambox/tmbox/ombox etc classes. "body.mediawiki" is so
they override "table.ambox + table.ambox" above. */
body.mediawiki table.mbox-small { /* For the "small=yes" option. */
clear: right;
float: right;
margin: 4px 0 4px 1em;
width: 238px;
font-size: 88%;
line-height: 1.25em;
}
body.mediawiki table.mbox-small-left { /* For the "small=left" option. */
margin: 4px 1em 4px 0;
width: 238px;
border-collapse: collapse;
font-size: 88%;
line-height: 1.25em;
}

/* Support for Template:IPA, Template:Unicode and Template:Polytonic.
The second declarations reset the styles for all browsers except
IE6, which chokes on the empty comment tags. Please copy any changes
to [[Template:IPA fonts]] and [[Template:Unicode fonts]].
*/
.IPA {
font-family: "Charis SIL", "Doulos SIL", Gentium, GentiumAlt,
"DejaVu Sans", Code2000, "TITUS Cyberbit Basic",
"Arial Unicode MS", "Lucida Sans Unicode",
"Chrysanthi Unicode";
font-family /**/: inherit;
}
.Unicode {
font-family: Code2000, Code2001, "Free Serif", "TITUS Cyberbit Basic",
"Doulos SIL", "Chrysanthi Unicode", "Bitstream Cyberbit",
"Bitstream CyberBase", Thryomanes, Gentium, GentiumAlt,
"Lucida Grande", "Free Sans", "Arial Unicode MS",
"Microsoft Sans Serif", "Lucida Sans Unicode";
font-family /**/: inherit;
}
.latinx {
font-family: Code2000, Code2001, "TITUS Cyberbit Basic", "Microsoft Sans Serif";
font-family /**/: inherit;
}
.polytonic {
font-family: "Athena Unicode", Gentium, "Palatino Linotype",
"Arial Unicode MS", "Lucida Sans Unicode",
"Lucida Grande", Code2000;
font-family /**/: inherit;
}

#wpSave {
font-weight: bold;
}

/* class hiddenStructure is defunct. See [[Wikipedia:hiddenStructure]] */
.hiddenStructure {
display: inline ! important;
color: #f00;
background-color: #0f0;
}

/* suppress missing interwiki image links where #ifexist cannot
be used due to high number of requests see .hidden-redlink on
http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Common.css
*/
.check-icon a.new {
display: none;
speak: none;
}

/* Removes underlines from links */
.nounderlines a {
text-decoration: none;
}

/* Remove underline from IPA links */
.IPA a:link, .IPA a:visited {
text-decoration: none;
}

/* Standard Navigationsleisten, aka box hiding thingy
from .de. Documentation at [[Wikipedia:NavFrame]]. */
div.NavFrame {
margin: 0;
padding: 4px;
border: 1px solid #aaa;
text-align: center;
border-collapse: collapse;
font-size: 95%;
}
div.NavFrame + div.NavFrame {
border-top-style: none;
border-top-style: hidden;
}
div.NavPic {
background-color: #fff;
margin: 0;
padding: 2px;
float: left;
}
div.NavFrame div.NavHead {
height: 1.6em;
font-weight: bold;
background-color: #ccf;
position: relative;
}
div.NavFrame p {
font-size: 100%;
}
div.NavFrame div.NavContent {
font-size: 100%;
}
div.NavFrame div.NavContent p {
font-size: 100%;
}
div.NavEnd {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
line-height: 1px;
clear: both;
}
a.NavToggle {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
right: 3px;
font-weight: normal;
font-size: 90%;
}

/* Coloured watchlist numbers */
.mw-plusminus-pos { color: #006400; } /* dark green */
.mw-plusminus-neg { color: #8B0000; } /* dark red */

.rellink,
.dablink {
font-style: italic;
padding-left: 2em;
}
.rellink i,
.dablink i {
font-style: normal;
}

/* Style for horizontal UL lists */
.horizontal ul {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
.horizontal li {
padding: 0 0.6em 0 0.4em;
display: inline;
border-right: 1px solid;
}
.horizontal li:last-child {
border-right: none;
padding-right: 0;
}

/* Allow transcluded pages to display in lists rather than a table.
Compatible in Firefox; incompatible in IE6. */
.listify td { display: list-item; }
.listify tr { display: block; }
.listify table { display: block; }

/* Geographical coordinates defaults. See [[Template:Coord/link]]
for how these are used. The classes "geo", "longitude", and
"latitude" are used by the [[Geo microformat]].
*/
.geo-default, .geo-dms, .geo-dec { display: inline; }
.geo-nondefault, .geo-multi-punct { display: none; }
.longitude, .latitude { white-space: nowrap; }

/* When <div class="nonumtoc"> is used on the table of contents,
the ToC will display without numbers */
.nonumtoc .tocnumber { display: none; }
.nonumtoc #toc ul,
.nonumtoc .toc ul {
line-height: 1.5em;
list-style: none;
margin: .3em 0 0;
padding: 0;
}
.nonumtoc #toc ul ul,
.nonumtoc .toc ul ul {
margin: 0 0 0 2em;
}

/* Allow limiting of which header levels are shown in a TOC;
<div class="toclimit-3">, for instance, will limit to
showing ==headings== and ===headings=== but no further
(as long as there are no =headings= on the page, which
there shouldn't be according to the MoS).
*/
.toclimit-2 .toclevel-2,
.toclimit-3 .toclevel-3,
.toclimit-4 .toclevel-4,
.toclimit-5 .toclevel-5,
.toclimit-6 .toclevel-6,
.toclimit-7 .toclevel-7 { display: none; }

/* Styling for Template:Quote */
blockquote.templatequote {
margin-top: 0;
}
blockquote.templatequote div.templatequotecite {
line-height: 1em;
text-align: left;
padding-left: 2em;
margin-top: 0;
}
blockquote.templatequote div.templatequotecite cite {
font-size: 85%;
}

div.user-block {
padding: 5px;
border: 1px solid #A9A9A9;
background-color: #FFEFD5;
}

/* Prevent line breaks in silly places:
1) links when we don't want them to
2) HTML formulae
3) Ref tags with group names <ref group="Note"> --> "[Note 1]"
*/
.nowraplinks a,
span.texhtml,
sup.reference a { white-space: nowrap; }

/* For template documentation */
.template-documentation {
clear: both;
margin: 1em 0 0 0;
border: 1px solid #aaa;
background-color: #ecfcf4;
padding: 5px;
}

.thumbinner {
min-width: 100px;
}

/* Inline divs in ImageMaps (code borrowed from de.wiki) */
.imagemap-inline div {
display: inline;
}

/* Increase the height of the image upload box */
#wpUploadDescription {
height: 13em;
}

/* Reduce line-height for <sup> and <sub> */
sup, sub {
line-height: 1em;
}

/* The backgrounds for galleries. */
#content .gallerybox div.thumb {
background-color: #F9F9F9; /* Light gray padding */
}
/* Put a chequered background behind images, only visible if they have transparency */
.gallerybox .thumb img,
#file img {
background: white url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Checker-16x16.png") repeat;
}
/* But no chequered background on articles, user pages or portals. */
.ns-0 .gallerybox .thumb img,
.ns-2 .gallerybox .thumb img,
.ns-100 .gallerybox .thumb img {
background: white;
}

/* Prevent floating boxes from overlapping any category listings,
file histories, edit previews, and edit [Show changes] views */
#mw-subcategories, #mw-pages, #mw-category-media,
#filehistory, #wikiPreview, #wikiDiff {
clear: both;
}

/* Selectively hide headers in WikiProject banners */
.wpb .wpb-header { display: none; }
.wpbs-inner .wpb .wpb-header { display: block; } /* for IE */
.wpbs-inner .wpb .wpb-header { display: table-row; } /* for real browsers */
.wpbs-inner .wpb-outside { display: none; } /* hide things that should only display outside shells */

/* </source> */

Template:Infobox

2011-09-26T12:37:48Z

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Main Page

2011-09-05T10:38:26Z

Lptmswiki:

[[Image:Gumbel.png|600px|right|thumb| Gumbel distribution. [[T-II-3| Extreme value Statistics]] ]]

__FORCETOC__

=Introduction=

[[Image:cylflow.jpg|300px|left|thumb|Streamlines (lignes de courant) around a disk in two dimensions. [[T-I-1| Conformal map ]]]]

This is the interactive website of the Tutorials for the ESPCI Mathematical methods [http://www.espci.fr/enseignement/maths/Enseignement/index.html].

These Tutorials are conducted by [[User:rosso| Alberto Rosso]].

=Remarks, Questions=

Example: Do the following if you have a Remark or a Question about the "Tutorial 1".
# Demander a Vincent [http://cours-physique.lps.ens.fr/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&type=signup Register] (if you have not yet done so)
# Go to [[T-I-1]] or to any other page
# Click on "discussion"
# Append your remark/question (in English, en francais) to the page
# Sign your remark/question with <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> (try it !)
# Wait for a response...

=Program=

{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
! width="100"|Date
! width="500"| First Year : 15h45-17h45
! width="500"| Second Year : 13h15-15h15

|-valign="top"

| First Tutorial
|
* [[T-I-1| Analytic Functions: Conformal map]]
|
* [[T-II-1| Partial Differential Equations: Burgers Shocks]]
|-valign="top"
| Second Tutorial
|
* [[T-I-2| Residue Theorem: Green Functions]]

|
* [[T-II-2| Variational Methods: Elastic chain, Sound waves in gas]]
|-valign="top"
| Third Tutorial
|
* [[T-I-3|Integral Transform: Radon Transform]]
|
* [[T-II-3| Probability: Extreme value Statistics]]
|}

=Photo: =
[[Image:Adele.jpg|1000px|center|thumb|Some students, after the final lecture.]]

=References=

T-II-3

2011-09-05T09:54:44Z

Lptmswiki: Created page with "__FORCETOC__ = Extreme Statistics = Generically, finding the distribution of the maximum of a set of random variables is a non-trivial problem, which appears in many contex..."

__FORCETOC__

= Extreme Statistics =

Generically, finding the distribution of the maximum of a set of random variables is a non-trivial problem, which appears in many contexts ranging from the maximal height of water in a river to fluctuations in stock markets
We consider ''N'' independent random variables <math>(x_1,...,x_N)</math> drawn from the same distribution <math>p(x)</math>.
We denote
<center><math>y_N=\max(x_1,...,x_N)</math></center>

It is useful to use the following notations for the cumulative distributions
<center><math>P^<(x)=\int_{-\infty}^x dx' p(x')\qquad\qquad P^>(x)=\int_x^{+\infty} dx' p(x') </math></center>

Let us denote by <math>q_N(y)</math> the distribution of <math>y_N</math> and by <math>Q_N(y)=\text{Prob}(y_N<y)</math> its cumulative distribution.

* Write <math>Q_N(y)</math> in terms of <math>P^<(y) </math>. (Help: Start to write this relation for <math>N=2,3,...</math>).
This is the fundamental relation of Extreme statistics and we analyze its consequences in the large ''N'' limit where, analogously to the central limit theorem, extremes statistics display universal features.
* In particular shows that in the large ''N'' limit we can write
<center><math>Q_N(y) \sim \exp\left(-N P^>(y)\right) </math></center>

In the present exercise, we first study the case of the exponential distribution. In a second step we generalize our results to a larger class of distributions.

==Exponential distribution==

The exponential distribution is one of the fundamental continuous distributions, and already for this reason worthy of study. Among many other places, it appears in the Poisson process. The distribution writes:

<center><math>p(x) = \lambda \exp(-\lambda x)</math></center>
where both <math> \lambda</math> and <math>x</math> are positive numbers.
===Preliminaries: the central limit===

* compute the mean value and the variance of this distribution
* consider <math>X_N</math>, the sum of ''N'' independent, exponentially distributed, random variables. How <math>X_N</math> is distributed?
* You can check your result with this Python program

We write <math>X_N</math> in a more convenient way
<center><math>X_N = a_N + b_N z </math></center>
where <math>a_N </math> the location of the distribution and <math>b_N </math> is the width of the distribution of <math>X_N </math>. Both numbers depend on <math>N </math>. Finally, <math>z </math> is a random number and its distribution, <math>\pi(z)</math> becomes independent of <math>N </math> in the large "N" limit. In other words this means that the distribution of <math>X_N</math> is significantly different from zero when the value of <math>X_N </math> is around <math>a_N </math>, in a region of size <math>b_N </math>.

* From the central limit theorem which is the natural choice for <math>a_N </math> and <math>b_N </math>? Write the distribution <math>\pi(z)</math>

===The Maxima===
Consider now the case <math>\lambda=1</math>
* Write <math>P^>(x)</math> and <math>P^<(x)</math>. (Remember that <math>x</math> is a positive number.)
* Write <math>Q_N(y)</math> and <math>q_N(y)</math>.
* Plot <math>q_N(y)</math> for different values of ''N''.

We want now to give a natural definition for the number <math>a_N</math> and <math>b_N</math>.

Consider <math>P^>(\tilde y)=\frac 12</math>. If you draw N independent exponential variables, how many variables (in average) will be greater than <math>\tilde y</math>? Repeat the same exercise with <math>\tilde \tilde y</math> such that
<math>P^>( \tilde \tilde y)=\frac 23</math>

* Justify that <math>a_N</math> can be estimated from
<center><math>P^>(a_N)=\frac 1N</math></center>
* Compute <math>a_N</math> for the exponential distribution and justify that
<center><math>Q_N\left(y=a_N+z\right)</math></center>

In the large ''N'' limit, the distribution <math>\pi(z)</math> becomes <math>N</math> independent.

* Show that in this limit its cumulative takes the from
<center><math>\Pi(z)= e^{-e^{-z}}</math></center>
This is the cumulative distribution of the famous Gumbel distribution.

Let us remark that the precise definition of <math>a_N</math> and <math>b_N</math> fix the mean and the variance of the rescaled distribution <math>\pi(z)</math>
At variance with the central limit case the mean will be different from zero and the variance different from one.
* Compute the mean, the variance and the asymptotic behavior of the Gumbel distribution. Draw the distribution. Explain why <math>z=0</math> is a special point

== Generic case: Universality of the Gumbel distribution ==

The Gumbel distribution is the limit distribution of the maxima of a large class of function. We can say that the Gumbel distribution plays, for extreme statistics, the same role of the Gaussian distribution for the central limit theorem.

By contrast the behavior of <math>a_N</math> and <math>b_N</math> as a function of <math>N</math> strongly depend on the particular distributions <math>p(x)</math>. We discuss here a family of distribution characterized by a fast decay for large <math>x</math>
<center><math>p(x) \sim c e^{- x^\alpha}</math></center>
where <math>\alpha>0</math>
The key point is to be able to determine <math>A(x)</math> such that
<center><math>P^>(x)=\exp(-A(x))</math></center>
* For <math>p(x) = e^{- x}</math> shows <math>A(x)=x</math>
Otherwise <math>A(x)</math> should be determined asymptotically for large <math>x</math>
* Show that <math>A(x)=x^\alpha +(\alpha-1) \log x+...</math>
* Show that in general <math>A(a_N)= \log N+...</math> and compute <math>a_N</math> as a function of <math> \alpha </math> for large <math> N </math>.
* Show that the maximum distribution take the form
<center><math> \lim _{N\to \infty } Q_N(y)=\left( y= a_N+ \frac{z}{A'(a_N)} \right)</math></center>
with <math> z </math> Gumbel distributed
* Identify <math>b_N</math> and discuss its behavior as a function of <math> \alpha </math>

If the distribution <math>p(x)</math> is defined on the entire real axis and is characterized by the same fast decay, it is easy to generalize this result also for the distribution of the minima.

*Write the Gumbel distribution for the minima

==Minimum of exponential random numbers==
The Gumbel distribution is not the only distribution for the extremes. Consider the simple case of the minima of the exponential distribution
* Show analytically that the distribution function for the minimum of <math>N</math> exponential random numbers <math>x = \min(x_1, \dots, x_N) </math> with parameters <math>\lambda_1, \dots \lambda_N</math> is again an exponential random number with parameter <math>\lambda_1 + \cdots + \lambda_N</math>:<br>
<math> \pi(x)= (\lambda_1 + \cdots + \lambda_N) \exp(-(\lambda_1 + \cdots + \lambda_N)x)</math><br> Program this in Python, produce a histogram and compare with the exact result.
* Look on the web which are the possible extreme distributions for independent and identically distributed variable

T-II-2

2011-09-05T09:54:10Z

Lptmswiki: Created page with "__FORCETOC__ =Variational methods= ==Elastic line== During the class you determined the shape of an non-extensible string in a gravitational potential. Here, we study a di..."

__FORCETOC__

=Variational methods=

==Elastic line==

During the class you determined the shape of an non-extensible string in a gravitational potential.
Here, we study a different situation: the case of an elastic line. Hooke's law states that Elastic energy is proportional to the square of the global elongation.

===Elasticity===
We write in two Step the elastic energy of a string with an elastic constant <math> k </math>. The shape of the string is defined by the function <math> y(x) </math>, where <math> 0<x <1</math> and
<math> y(0)=y(1)=0</math>.

Step one: the discrete model
* Write the elastic energy of a chain of N identical springs a a function of their position <math> y_1, y_2,\ldots,y_N </math> (See figure).
* Determine the elastic constant of each spring in order to have a a string with an elastic constant <math> k </math>

Step two: The continuum limit
* Take the limit <math> N \to \infty</math> and express the elastic energy as a functional of <math> y(x) </math>. (Input: use <math> 1/N \to \text{d} x</math> and <math>\frac{y_{i+1}-y_i}{1/N} \to \frac{\text{d} y(x)}{\text{d} x }</math>)

===Gravity===
We write now the gravitational potential as a functional of <math>y(x)</math>. We will use two different methods. We suppose that the total mass of the line in <math>M</math>.

Method 1:

In general the gravitational potential can be written as
<center> <math> E_{g} = g \int_0^1 dx\, \sqrt{1+ (\partial_x y)^2}\, \rho(x)\, y(x).</math></center>
For an elastic string the mass density <math>\rho(x)</math>is not uniform in <math>x</math>. Suppose that each spring has a mass $M/N$ and no mass is accumulated between springs.
* Compute <math>\rho_i</math> for each spring and take the continuum limit.

Method 2:

* Suppose that springs are massless and <math>N</math> identical masses are located at positions <math>y_1,y_2,\ldots</math>

* Combine your finding for elasticity and gravity and show that the shape of the elastic line is parabolic

=== Dynamics ===

We want to study the motion of the elastic line in absence of gravity and in presence of small oscillations, i. e.,

<center><math> \sqrt{1 +(\nabla y )^2} \sim 1+\frac{1}{2} (\nabla y )^2+\ldots</math></center>.

The shape of the line is now time dependent <math> y(x,t)</math>.

*Write the kinetic energy associated to the <math> N </math> masses located at <math>y_1(t),y_2(t),\ldots, y_N(t) </math>. Take the continuum limit.

The action associated to the elastic chain is
<center><math> \int_{t_1}^{t_2} d t \int_0^1 d x \, \mathcal{L} (x,t) </math></center>
where <math> {\mathcal L}(x,t) </math> is the Lagrangian denisty
* Write explicitly <math> {\mathcal L}(x,t) </math> in the small oscillation approximation
* Write the equation of motion of the chain using the minimum action principle. This equation is the D'Almbert equation.

==Sound waves in ideal gas==

Consider a uniform ideal gas of equilibrium mass density <math>\rho_0 </math> and equilibrium pressure <math>P_0</math>. Let us investigate the longitudinal oscillations of such a gas. Of course, these oscillations are usually referred to as sound waves.

===Kinetic Energy===

In a first time we can start from the discrete description of a system of N atoms at positions <math> {\vec u}_1(t), {\vec u}_2(t) ,\ldots , {\vec u}_N(t) </math>.
* Write the kinetic energy, <math> T </math>, for this system as a function of mass of the atom <math>m </math>.
* Consider the limit of small oscillations. Take the continuum limit: <math> {\vec u}_i(t) \to \vec u(\vec r,t) </math> and show that the kinetic energy writes
<center><math> T= \frac{\rho_0}{2} \int \, d \vec{r} \, \dot{\vec{u}}^2 (\vec r,t) </math> </center>
===Potential Energy===
In order to write the full Lagrangian we need to find the potential energy associated to the oscillations. During the oscillations the mass density can have small fluctuations
<center><math> \rho(\vec r,t)=\rho_0+\delta \rho(\vec r,t)=\rho_0\left( 1+\sigma(\vec r,t)\right)</math> </center>
The scalar field <math> \sigma(\vec r,t)</math> represents the relative fluctuation of the density.

As a consequence of these fluctuations, the volume which contains a given mass <math>M </math> expands from the initial value <math>V_0 </math> to a new value <math>V_0 +\delta V</math>. The pressure inside the domain also fluctuates <math>P=P_0+\ldots </math>. The variation of potential energy is given by the work associated to the volume expansion:
<center><math> - \int_{V_0}^{V_0+\delta V} \, P\, d \vec{r}=-P_0 \delta V- \frac{1}{2} \left( \frac{\partial P }{\partial V}\right)_0 \delta V^2+\ldots </math> </center>

Generally speaking, a sound wave in an ideal gas oscillates sufficiently rapidly that heat is unable to flow fast enough to smooth out any temperature perturbations generated by the wave. Under these circumstances, the gas obeys the adiabatic gas law,
<center><math>P V^\gamma= </math> constant</center>
where <math>\gamma</math> the ratio of specific heats (i.e., the ratio of the gas's specific heat at constant pressure to its specific heat at constant volume). This ratio is approximately <math>1.4 </math> for ordinary air.
* Show that the total potential energy writes
<center><math> W= P_0 \int \, d \vec{r} \, \left( \sigma + \frac{\gamma}{2} \sigma^2\right) </math> </center>
* Using the continuity equation of the gas show that <math> \sigma(\vec{r},t)= - \vec{\nabla} \cdot \vec{u}(\vec{r},t) </math> and write the potential energy as a function of <math> \vec{u}(\vec{r},t) </math>

===Lagrangian description===
* Show that the Lagrangian density writes
<center><math> \mathcal{L} (\vec{r},t) = \frac{\rho_0}{2} \dot{\vec{u}}^2 + 2 P_0 \vec{\nabla} \cdot \vec{u} -\gamma P_0 (\vec{\nabla} \cdot \vec{u})^2 </math></center>
* Show that the associated equation of motion
<center><math> \rho_0 \frac{\partial^2 \vec{u}}{\partial t^2} -\gamma P_0 \vec{\nabla} \vec{\nabla} \cdot \vec{u}=0 </math></center>
* Using the continuity relation <math> \sigma= - \vec{\nabla} \cdot \vec{u} </math> show that the latter equation corresponds to the D'Alembert Equation for the scalar field <math> \sigma </math>
This scalar fiel behaves exaclty like an elastic field.
* Determine the sound velocity.

Main Page

2011-09-05T09:51:50Z

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