LBan-1

We will discuss disordered systems with $N$ degrees of freedom (for instance, for a spin system on a lattice of size $L$ in dimension Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle d} , Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle N = L^d } ). Since the systems are random, the quantities that describe their properties (the free energy, the number of configurations of the system that satisfy a certain property, the magnetization etc) are also random variables, with a distribution.